---
id: "GHSA-9c5c-9qcx-q35q"
page: "https://infrastack.ai/live/GHSA-9c5c-9qcx-q35q"
kind: "vulnerability"
aliases: ["GHSA-9c5c-9qcx-q35q"]
title: "Path-scoped middleware bypass via absolute-form request targets"
severity: "high"
cvss: null
epss: null
exploited: false
status: "open"
category: "package"
products: [{"name": "@nestjs/platform-fastify", "note": ">= 12.0.0 < 12.0.2 and < 11.2.4", "fixed": ["12.0.2 and 11.2.4"], "affected": "", "ecosystem": ""}]
ecosystems: []
tags: ["cwe-288", "cwe-436", "fastify", "nestjs", "node", "package", "self-hosted"]
not_affected_if: ["express-adapter", "no-path-middleware", "reverse-proxy-origin-form"]
published_at: "2026-09-15T08:38:36+00:00"
first_seen_at: "2026-11-09T22:53:18+00:00"
updated_at: "2026-11-09T23:01:28+00:00"
sources: [{"source": "ghsa-repo", "url": "https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-9c5c-9qcx-q35q", "first_seen_at": "2026-11-09T22:53:18+00:00"}]
exploit_sources: []
---

# Path-scoped middleware bypass via absolute-form request targets

Link for people: https://infrastack.ai/live/GHSA-9c5c-9qcx-q35q (this .md is for agents)

Sending a request line with an absolute-form target (such as GET http://host/path) makes the Fastify adapter skip path-scoped Nest middleware, though the route handler still runs. Applications that enforce authentication or authorization in that middleware can have those checks bypassed.

_Summary, check and fix written by a model from the sources; labelled as such._

## Affected

- :@nestjs/platform-fastify affected range not listed fixed 12.0.2 and 11.2.4

## How to check

- Check the installed version of `@nestjs/platform-fastify` with `npm ls @nestjs/platform-fastify`; versions `>= 12.0.0` below `12.0.2` and versions below `11.2.4` are affected.
- Look for `consumer.apply(...).forRoutes(...)` or `.exclude(...)` in NestModule `configure` methods that guard routes with auth.
- Check whether a reverse proxy in front of the app rewrites request targets to origin-form.

## Fix

- `@nestjs/platform-fastify` `12.0.2` for the 12.x line (the advisory recommends `12.0.3`)
- `@nestjs/platform-fastify` `11.2.4` for the 11.x line (the advisory recommends `11.2.5`)
- Workaround if upgrading is not possible: reject non-origin-form request targets in an onRequest hook registered before app initialization, or reject them at a reverse proxy.

## Timeline

- 2026-11-09T22:53:18+00:00 ghsa-repo https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-9c5c-9qcx-q35q

## Documents

- [advisory] Maintainer's advisory: github.com https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-9c5c-9qcx-q35q

## From the sources

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Ecosystem | npm |
| Package | `@nestjs/platform-fastify` |
| Affected versions | `>= 12.0.0, < 12.0.2` and `< 11.2.4` |
| Patched versions | `12.0.2` and `11.2.4` (upgrade to `12.0.3` / `11.2.5`) |
| Severity | High |
| CVSS v3.1 | `AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N` (8.1) |
| CWE | CWE-436 (Interpretation Conflict), CWE-288 (Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel) |

### Summary

On the Fastify adapter, an HTTP request that uses an **absolute-form request target** (`GET http://host/path HTTP/1.1`
instead of `GET /path HTTP/1.1`) reaches the route handler without running the path-scoped Nest middleware bound to
that route. Applications that enforce authentication or authorization in middleware execute the protected handler
with those checks skipped.

### Impact

Any application that

- uses `@nestjs/platform-fastify`, and
- binds middleware to specific paths via `MiddlewareConsumer.forRoutes(...)` or `.exclude(...)`, and
- is reachable by a client that controls the raw request line.

Node's HTTP server accepts absolute-form targets, so no special server configuration is needed. Exposure is reduced
when a reverse proxy in front of the application rewrites the request target to origin-form, which most do.

Where the bypassed middleware performs authentication or authorization, the result is an authentication or
authorization bypass. Where it performs logging, rate limiting or body handling, those are silently skipped instead.

### Details

Fastify's router (`find-my-way`) resolves an absolute-form target to its path before matching, so the route handler
is dispatched normally. Two places on the middleware side matched against the **raw** request target instead:

1. The bundled copy of the `@fastify/middie` engine at `packages/platform-fastify/adapters/middie/fastify-middie.ts`.
   NestJS carried this fork to apply an earlier path-decoding fix and it did not track the upstream absolute-form fix
   released in `@fastify/middie@9.3.4`.
2. `FastifyAdapter`'s own re-check in `createMiddlewareFactory()`, which tests the middleware path regexp against
   `req.originalUrl`.

Both normalized and percent-decoded the target, but neither resolved absolute-form to a path, so the router and the
middleware layer disagreed about which path was being requested.

A second, related defect contributed. Because the adapter always passes `routerOptions` (to install the version
constraint), Fastify did not reflect the deprecated **top-level** router options (`ignoreTrailingSlash`,
`ignoreDuplicateSlashes`, `caseSensitive`, `useSemicolonDelimiter`) in `initialConfig.routerOptions`, which is what
the middleware engine reads. Applications passing those options at the top level had middleware normalize paths
differently from the router, which widened the mismatch.

### Proof of concept

```ts
@Controller('users')
export class UsersController {
  @Get()
  findAll() {
    return 'protected data';
  }
}

@Module({ controllers: [UsersController] })
export class AppModule implements NestModule {
  configure(consumer: MiddlewareConsumer) {
    consumer
      .apply((req, res) => res.end('blocked by auth middleware'))
      .forRoutes({ path: 'users', method: RequestMethod.GET });
  }
}
```

`supertest` and `light-my-request` always emit origin-form targets, so the request has to be written to the socket:

```js
const { connect } = require('node:net');

const socket = connect(3000, '127.0.0.1', () => {
  socket.write(
    'GET http://127.0.0.1:3000/users HTTP/1.1\r\n' +
      'Host: 127.0.0.1:3000\r\n' +
      'Connection: close\r\n\r\n',
  );
});
socket.pipe(process.stdout);
```

Observed on an affected version: `protected data` — the middleware did not run.
Expected, and observed on a patched version: `blocked by auth middleware`.

### Patches

Fixed in **12.0.2** and **11.2.4**. Upgrading to **12.0.3** or **11.2.5** is recommended.

- The bundled `@fastify/middie` fork was removed and the package now depends on `@fastify/middie@9.3.4`, which
  resolves absolute-form targets before matching.
- The adapter resolves absolute-form targets in its own route check, mirroring `find-my-way`.
- Deprecated top-level Fastify router options are folded into `routerOptions` so the middleware engine and the
  router normalize paths identically.

### Workarounds

If you cannot upgrade, reject non-origin-form request targets before middleware runs. Register the hook on the
Fastify instance **before the application is initialized**, so that it runs ahead of the middleware engine's own
`onRequest` hook, and confirm with the request above that the rejection takes effect:

```ts
const adapter = new FastifyAdapter();
adapter.getInstance().addHook('onRequest', (request, reply, done) => {
  const target = request.raw.url ?? '';
  // "*" is the legitimate request target of "OPTIONS * HTTP/1.1"
  if (target[0] !== '/' && target !== '*') {
    reply.code(400).send();
    return;
  }
  done();
});
```

Rejecting or normalizing absolute-form targets at a reverse proxy in front of the application is equally effective.

### Credit

Reported by ZeroVuln Labs.

---

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