{"id":"CVE-2026-126454","kind":"vulnerability","aliases":["CVE-2026-126454"],"related":[],"title":"OpenEMR: missing TOTP rate limit lets attackers brute-force two-factor codes","description":"OpenEMR before 8.5.0 lacks rate limiting or lockout on TOTP submission, allowing attackers with a valid password to brute-force the 6-digit MFA code. Attackers can script repeated POST requests to main_screen.php or the OAuth2 authorization flow with re-submitted hidden credentials to bypass two-factor authentication.","summary":"OpenEMR before 8.5.0 does not rate-limit or lock out submissions of the 6-digit TOTP two-factor code. An attacker who already has a valid password can script repeated requests and guess the code to get past two-factor authentication.","severity":"high","cvss":8.6,"epss":null,"exploited":false,"exploited_at":null,"products":[],"ecosystems":[],"tags":["healthcare","openemr","runtime","self-hosted","totp-mfa"],"not_affected_if":["no-mfa-enabled","openemr-8.5.0-or-later"],"how_to_check":"- Check the OpenEMR version in the installation; versions before `8.5.0` are listed as affected.","fix":"- OpenEMR: move to `8.5.0` or later.","status":"open","published_at":"2026-11-13T10:17:53+00:00","first_seen_at":"2026-11-13T10:47:23+00:00","triaged_at":"2026-11-13T10:50:47+00:00","updated_at":"2026-11-13T10:50:47+00:00","category":"runtime","confidence":0.6,"triage":{"at":"2026-11-13T10:50:47Z","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","output":{"fix":"- OpenEMR: move to `8.5.0` or later.","reach":"internet","title":"OpenEMR: missing TOTP rate limit lets attackers brute-force two-factor codes","impact":"high","summary":"OpenEMR before 8.5.0 does not rate-limit or lock out submissions of the 6-digit TOTP two-factor code. An attacker who already has a valid password can script repeated requests and guess the code to get past two-factor authentication.","audience":"businesses","category":"runtime","nicknames":[],"who_cares":["openemr","healthcare","self-hosted","totp-mfa"],"confidence":0.6,"fix_status":"available","needs_auth":"yes","worst_case":"attacker bypasses two-factor and logs into patient records","analyst_note":"Confirm the affected range and whether the OAuth2 path is also covered by the 8.5.0 fix via the vendor advisory on github.com.","how_to_check":"- Check the OpenEMR version in the installation; versions before `8.5.0` are listed as affected.\n- unknown for other checks: the sources do not describe a configuration setting that exposes it.","plain_action":"","product_name":"","needs_analyst":false,"not_affected_if":["openemr-8.5.0-or-later","no-mfa-enabled"],"who_is_affected":"Any OpenEMR deployment before 8.5.0 that uses TOTP two-factor authentication is exposed, since the flaw is in the TOTP submission path. An attacker needs a valid username and password first, so the risk is highest where passwords are weak or leaked. Installations already on 8.5.0 or later are not affected.","user_interaction":"no","product_ecosystem":"","needs_special_setup":"unknown","severity_if_unknown":"high"},"cost_usd":0.000758,"input_tokens":4619,"output_tokens":593,"severity_before":"high"},"analyst_status":null,"analyst_note":null,"search":"'-126454':17A,20A '-2026':16A,19A '6':44B,96C '8.5.0':32B,76C 'allow':85C 'alreadi':54B 'attack':7A,52B,86C,100C 'authent':73B,124C 'author':111C 'brute':9A,93C 'brute-forc':8A,92C 'bypass':120C 'code':14A,50B,66B,99C 'credenti':118C 'cve':15A,18A 'digit':45B,97C 'factor':13A,49B,72B,123C 'flow':112C 'forc':10A,94C 'get':68B 'guess':64B 'healthcar':21B 'hidden':117C 'host':26B 'lack':77C 'let':6A 'limit':5A,37B,79C 'lock':39B 'lockout':81C 'main_screen.php':107C 'mfa':29B,98C 'miss':2A 'oauth2':110C 'openemr':1A,22B,30B,74C 'password':58B,90C 'past':69B 'post':104C 'rate':4A,36B,78C 'rate-limit':35B 're':115C 're-submit':114C 'repeat':61B,103C 'request':62B,105C 'runtim':23B 'script':60B,102C 'self':25B 'self-host':24B 'submiss':41B,84C 'submit':116C 'totp':3A,28B,46B,83C 'totp-mfa':27B 'two':12A,48B,71B,122C 'two-factor':11A,47B,70B,121C 'valid':57B,89C","nicknames":[],"mitigations":[],"who_affected":"Any OpenEMR deployment before 8.5.0 that uses TOTP two-factor authentication is exposed, since the flaw is in the TOTP submission path. An attacker needs a valid username and password first, so the risk is highest where passwords are weak or leaked. Installations already on 8.5.0 or later are not affected.","tier":"B","verified":{},"analyst_revisit_at":null,"fix_status":"available","audience":"businesses","plain_action":null,"pkeys":[],"ptokens":[],"labels":["healthcare","high","openemr","runtime","selfhosted","totpmfa"],"campaign_type":null,"search_a":"'-126454':17A,20A '-2026':16A,19A 'attack':7A 'brute':9A 'brute-forc':8A 'code':14A 'cve':15A,18A 'factor':13A 'forc':10A 'let':6A 'limit':5A 'miss':2A 'openemr':1A 'rate':4A 'totp':3A 'two':12A 'two-factor':11A","search_b":"'6':44B '8.5.0':32B 'alreadi':54B 'attack':52B 'authent':73B 'code':50B,66B 'digit':45B 'factor':49B,72B 'get':68B 'guess':64B 'healthcar':21B 'host':26B 'limit':37B 'lock':39B 'mfa':29B 'openemr':22B,30B 'password':58B 'past':69B 'rate':36B 'rate-limit':35B 'repeat':61B 'request':62B 'runtim':23B 'script':60B 'self':25B 'self-host':24B 'submiss':41B 'totp':28B,46B 'totp-mfa':27B 'two':48B,71B 'two-factor':47B,70B 'valid':57B","search_c":"'6':96C '8.5.0':76C 'allow':85C 'attack':86C,100C 'authent':124C 'author':111C 'brute':93C 'brute-forc':92C 'bypass':120C 'code':99C 'credenti':118C 'digit':97C 'factor':123C 'flow':112C 'forc':94C 'hidden':117C 'lack':77C 'limit':79C 'lockout':81C 'main_screen.php':107C 'mfa':98C 'oauth2':110C 'openemr':74C 'password':90C 'post':104C 'rate':78C 're':115C 're-submit':114C 'repeat':103C 'request':105C 'script':102C 'submiss':84C 'submit':116C 'totp':83C 'two':122C 'two-factor':121C 'valid':89C","cause_entry":null,"cause_path":null,"disclosures_checked_at":null,"first_public_at":"2026-10-28T01:23:22+00:00","kev":null,"cvss_vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","cvss_by":"disclosure@vulncheck.com","poc_count":0,"sources":[{"source":"nvd","external_id":"CVE-2026-126454","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-126454","severity":null,"published_at":"2026-11-13T10:17:53+00:00","modified_at":"2026-11-13T10:17:53+00:00","first_seen_at":"2026-11-13T10:47:23+00:00","fetched_at":"2026-11-13T10:47:23+00:00","note":null}],"documents":[{"id":145152,"url":"https://github.com/openemr/openemr/security/advisories/GHSA-rp7c-25mm-8g74","title":"Vendor advisory: github.com","kind":"vendor","source":"nvd","publisher":"vendor","text":null,"published_at":"2026-10-28T01:23:22+00:00","relation":"advisory","confidence":null,"note":"Vendor advisory: github.com"},{"id":145153,"url":"https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openemr-before-8.5.0-totp-brute-force-via-main-screen-php-and-oauth2","title":"Third-party advisory: www.vulncheck.com","kind":"advisory","source":"nvd","publisher":"research","text":null,"published_at":null,"relation":"advisory","confidence":null,"note":"Third-party advisory: www.vulncheck.com"}],"disclosures":[],"exploit_sources":[],"notice":"Free to read, with fair use of about 60 pages a minute. For higher limits or API access: sales@infrastack.ai"}