{"id":"CVE-2025-62593","kind":"vulnerability","aliases":["CVE-2025-62593"],"related":[],"title":"anyscale ray: Ray is an AI compute engine","description":"Ray is an AI compute engine. Prior to version 2.52.0, developers working with Ray as a development tool can be exploited via a critical RCE vulnerability exploitable via Firefox and Safari. This vulnerability is due to an insufficient guard against browser-based attacks, as the current defense uses the User-Agent header starting with the string \"Mozilla\" as a defense mechanism. This defense is insufficient as the fetch specification allows the User-Agent header to be modified. Combined with a DNS rebinding attack against the browser, and this vulnerability is exploitable against a developer running Ray who inadvertently visits a malicious website, or is served a malicious advertisement (malvertising). This issue has been patched in version 2.52.0.","summary":"Ray's dashboard job API (port 8265) has no authentication. Its only browser defense checks that the User-Agent starts with 'Mozilla', and Firefox and Safari let a web page change that header. A page the developer visits can use DNS rebinding to submit a job and run arbitrary commands on the dev machine. It can also be used to reach Ray instances on the private network. Chrome is not affected. CISA lists it as exploited.","severity":"critical","cvss":9.4,"epss":null,"exploited":true,"exploited_at":"2026-08-17T00:00:00+00:00","products":[{"name":"Ray-Project Ray","fixed":[],"affected":"","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"ray","fixed":["2.52.0","2.52.1","2.51.2"],"affected":"< 2.52.0","ecosystem":"pip"},{"name":"anyscale ray","fixed":["2.52.0"],"affected":"< 2.52.0","ecosystem":"vendor"}],"ecosystems":["pip","vendor"],"tags":["ai-ml","ai-tooling","developers","dns-rebinding","exploited","pip","python","ray","rce"],"not_affected_if":["chrome-only-browsing","not-using-ray","ray-2.52.0-or-later"],"how_to_check":"Run 'pip show ray' or 'python -c \"import ray; print(ray.__version__)\"' in every environment, including venvs, containers and notebooks. Versions below 2.52.0 are vulnerable. Run 'ss -ltnp | grep 8265' or 'lsof -i :8265' to see whether a Ray dashboard is listening. Exposure also needs a Firefox or Safari user on the same machine or network. Check the Ray job history for unexpected jobs, with 'ray job list' or the dashboard's Jobs tab.","fix":"Upgrade to ray >= 2.52.0. The advisory's own fix text says 2.52.0 or higher. 2.52.1 and 2.51.2 add stronger browser-header rejection (Sec-Fetch-* and other headers). 2.52.0 also adds token authentication, which is off by default. Enable it as extra hardening (https://docs.ray.io/en/latest/ray-security/token-auth.html). Until you upgrade, avoid Firefox or Safari on machines running Ray, and bind the dashboard to localhost only.","status":"open","published_at":"2025-11-26T23:15:47+00:00","first_seen_at":"2026-10-23T19:11:51+00:00","triaged_at":"2026-10-23T20:31:58+00:00","updated_at":"2026-10-23T23:44:51+00:00","category":"ai-tooling","confidence":0.85,"triage":{"at":"2026-10-23T20:31:58Z","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","output":{"fix":"unknown","summary":"Ray, a distributed computing framework used for AI and ML workloads, has a code injection flaw that can allow remote code execution. Per the sources, developers using Ray as a development tool may be exposed through Firefox and Safari, and CISA lists it as actively exploited.","category":"ai-tooling","who_cares":["ray","python","ai-ml","developers"],"confidence":0.6,"analyst_note":"Find the vendor advisory and the affected and fixed Ray versions, plus a way to detect exposure in dev environments (CISA KEV entry: https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?search_api_fulltext=CVE-2025-62593).","how_to_check":"unknown","needs_analyst":true,"not_affected_if":["not-using-ray"],"severity_if_unknown":"unknown"},"cost_usd":0.000532,"input_tokens":2207,"output_tokens":622,"severity_before":"unknown"},"analyst_status":"done","analyst_note":"Find the vendor advisory and the affected and fixed Ray versions, plus a way to detect exposure in dev environments (CISA KEV entry: https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?search_api_fulltext=CVE-2025-62593).","search":"'-2025':10A,13A '-62593':11A,14A '2.52.0':123C,233C '8265':43B 'advertis':224C 'affect':108B 'agent':56B,166C,189C 'ai':6A,23B,26B,117C 'ai-ml':22B 'ai-tool':25B 'allow':185C 'also':94B 'anyscal':1A 'anyscale':20A 'api':41B 'arbitrari':86B 'attack':157C,199C 'authent':46B 'base':156C 'browser':49B,155C,202C 'browser-bas':154C 'chang':68B 'check':51B 'chrome':105B 'cisa':109B 'combin':194C 'command':87B 'comput':7A,118C 'critic':137C 'current':160C 'cve':9A,12A 'dashboard':39B 'defens':50B,161C,175C,178C 'dev':90B 'develop':28B,74B,124C,130C,210C 'dns':30B,78B,197C 'dns-rebind':29B 'due':148C 'engin':8A,119C 'exploit':32B,113B,134C,140C,207C 'fetch':183C 'firefox':61B,142C 'guard':152C 'header':70B,167C,190C 'inadvert':214C 'instanc':100B 'insuffici':151C,180C 'issu':227C 'job':40B,83B 'let':64B 'list':110B 'machin':91B 'malici':217C,223C 'malvertis':225C 'mechan':176C 'ml':24B 'modifi':193C 'mozilla':59B,172C 'network':104B 'page':67B,72B 'patch':230C 'pip':33B 'port':42B 'prior':120C 'privat':103B 'project':17A 'python':34B 'ray':2A,3A,16A,18A,19A,21A,35B,37B,99B,114C,127C,212C 'ray-project':15A 'rce':36B,138C 'reach':98B 'rebind':31B,79B,198C 'run':85B,211C 'safari':63B,144C 'serv':221C 'specif':184C 'start':57B,168C 'string':171C 'submit':81B 'tool':27B,131C 'use':77B,96B,162C 'user':55B,165C,188C 'user-ag':54B,164C,187C 'version':122C,232C 'via':135C,141C 'visit':75B,215C 'vulner':139C,146C,205C 'web':66B 'websit':218C 'work':125C","nicknames":[],"mitigations":[],"who_affected":null,"tier":null,"verified":{},"analyst_revisit_at":null,"first_public_at":"2025-11-26T23:15:47+00:00","kev":{"dateAdded":"2026-08-17","dueDate":"2026-08-20","requiredAction":"Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable BOD 26-04 guidance for cloud services or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Stakeholders are responsible for evaluating each asset's internet exposure and ensuring adherence to BOD 26-04 patching guidelines.","knownRansomwareCampaignUse":"Unknown"},"cvss_vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","cvss_by":"security-advisories@github.com","poc_count":1,"sources":[{"source":"kev","external_id":"CVE-2025-62593","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?search_api_fulltext=CVE-2025-62593","severity":null,"published_at":"2026-08-17T00:00:00+00:00","modified_at":null,"first_seen_at":"2026-10-23T19:11:51+00:00","fetched_at":"2026-10-25T17:39:54+00:00","note":null},{"source":"analyst","external_id":"CVE-2025-62593:17","url":null,"severity":null,"published_at":"2026-10-23T20:33:24+00:00","modified_at":"2026-10-23T20:33:24+00:00","first_seen_at":"2026-10-23T20:33:24+00:00","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T20:33:24+00:00","note":"Ray's GHSA-q279-jhrf-cc6v: DNS rebinding plus a spoofable User-Agent check lets a malicious page in Firefox or Safari hit the unauthenticated dashboard /api/jobs and run shell commands. Affected < 2.52.0, fixed 2.52.0. Follow-up hardening is in 2.52.1 and 2.51.2. Public PoC is a payload for nccgroup/singularity, described in the advisory. KEV lists it as exploited. Severity is the vendor/CVE rating of 9.4 (CVSS 4.0). I did not read the details of the in-the-wild exploitation."},{"source":"nvd","external_id":"CVE-2025-62593","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62593","severity":null,"published_at":"2025-11-26T23:15:47+00:00","modified_at":"2026-10-19T13:10:00+00:00","first_seen_at":"2026-10-23T23:44:51+00:00","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T23:44:51+00:00","note":null}],"documents":[{"id":840,"url":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/security/advisories/GHSA-q279-jhrf-cc6v","title":"Ray GHSA-q279-jhrf-cc6v (CVE-2025-62593)","kind":"advisory","source":"analyst","text":null,"published_at":null,"relation":"advisory","confidence":null,"note":null},{"id":840,"url":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/security/advisories/GHSA-q279-jhrf-cc6v","title":"Ray GHSA-q279-jhrf-cc6v (CVE-2025-62593)","kind":"advisory","source":"analyst","text":null,"published_at":null,"relation":"poc","confidence":null,"note":null},{"id":841,"url":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/releases/tag/ray-2.52.1","title":"Ray 2.52.1 release notes","kind":"release","source":"analyst","text":null,"published_at":null,"relation":"fix","confidence":null,"note":null},{"id":842,"url":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/releases/tag/ray-2.51.2","title":"Ray 2.51.2 release notes","kind":"release","source":"analyst","text":null,"published_at":null,"relation":"fix","confidence":null,"note":null}],"notice":"Free to read at a human pace. An API with keys and an MCP server are in preparation; early access: hello@infrastack.ai"}