{"id":"CVE-2025-31161","kind":"vulnerability","aliases":["CVE-2025-31161"],"related":[],"title":"CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account…","description":"CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka \"Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access.\" A race condition exists in the AWS4-HMAC (compatible with S3) authorization method of the HTTP component of the FTP server. The server first verifies the existence of the user by performing a call to login_user_pass() with no password requirement. This will authenticate the session through the HMAC verification process and up until the server checks for user verification once more. The vulnerability can be further stabilized, eliminating the need for successfully triggering a race condition, by sending a mangled AWS4-HMAC header. By providing only the username and a following slash (/), the server will successfully find a username, which triggers the successful anypass authentication process, but the server will fail to find the expected SignedHeaders entry, resulting in an index-out-of-bounds error that stops the code from reaching the session cleanup. Together, these issues make it trivial to authenticate as any known or guessable user (e.g., crushadmin), and can lead to a full compromise of the system by obtaining an administrative account.","summary":"CrushFTP, a file transfer server, has an authentication bypass in how it reads the HTTP authorization header. A remote attacker with no account can log in as any known or guessable user, including the admin account crushadmin, which can lead to full server compromise.","severity":"critical","cvss":9.8,"epss":null,"exploited":true,"exploited_at":"2025-04-07T00:00:00+00:00","products":[{"name":"CrushFTP CrushFTP","fixed":[],"affected":"","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"crushftp","fixed":["10.8.4"],"affected":">= 10.0.0, < 10.8.4","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"crushftp","fixed":["11.3.1"],"affected":">= 11.0.0, < 11.3.1","ecosystem":"vendor"}],"ecosystems":["vendor"],"tags":["crushftp","exploited","file-transfer","package","ransomware","self-hosted"],"not_affected_if":["managed-hosting"],"how_to_check":null,"fix":"Apply the vendor mitigations per CISA guidance; the specific patched CrushFTP version is unknown from the sources.\nIf no mitigation is available, discontinue use of the product.","status":"open","published_at":"2025-04-03T20:15:25+00:00","first_seen_at":"2026-10-23T19:11:51+00:00","triaged_at":"2026-10-23T20:48:51+00:00","updated_at":"2026-10-23T22:29:05+00:00","category":"package","confidence":0.7,"triage":{"at":"2026-10-23T20:48:51Z","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","output":{"fix":"Apply the vendor mitigations per CISA guidance; the specific patched CrushFTP version is unknown from the sources.\nIf no mitigation is available, discontinue use of the product.","reach":"internet","summary":"CrushFTP, a file transfer server, has an authentication bypass in how it reads the HTTP authorization header. A remote attacker with no account can log in as any known or guessable user, including the admin account crushadmin, which can lead to full server compromise.","category":"package","who_cares":["crushftp","self-hosted","file-transfer"],"confidence":0.7,"needs_auth":"no","worst_case":"Attacker logs in as admin remotely and takes full control of the file server","analyst_note":"Find the fixed CrushFTP version and vendor mitigation steps at the CrushFTP advisory, and the exact detection method, e.g. log review for authorization header abuse; source is CISA KEV only.","how_to_check":"unknown","needs_analyst":true,"not_affected_if":["managed-hosting"],"user_interaction":"no","needs_special_setup":"unknown","severity_if_unknown":"critical"},"cost_usd":0.000451,"input_tokens":2570,"output_tokens":388,"severity_before":"unknown"},"analyst_status":null,"analyst_note":null,"search":"'-2025':19A,22A '-31161':20A,23A '10':2A,83C '10.8.4':4A,85C '11':6A,87C '11.3.1':8A,89C '2025':115C 'access':121C 'account':17A,60B,73B,98C,291C 'admin':72B 'administr':290C 'aka':116C 'allow':9A,90C 'anypass':229C 'april':114C 'attack':57B 'authent':10A,45B,91C,167C,230C,268C 'author':53B,134C 'aws4':129C,206C 'aws4-hmac':128C,205C 'bound':250C 'bypass':11A,46B,92C 'call':156C 'check':180C 'cleanup':260C 'code':255C 'compat':131C 'compon':139C 'compromis':81B,283C 'condit':124C,200C 'crushadmin':16A,74B,97C,276C 'crushftp':1A,24A,25A,26A,27A,28B,38B,82C 'cve':18A,21A 'dmz':101C 'e.g':275C 'elimin':192C 'entri':242C 'error':251C 'exist':125C,149C 'expect':240C 'exploit':29B,107C 'fail':236C 'file':31B,40B 'file-transf':30B 'find':222C,238C 'first':146C 'follow':216C 'ftp':142C 'full':79B,282C 'guessabl':68B,273C 'header':54B,208C 'hmac':130C,172C,207C 'host':37B 'http':52B,118C,138C 'includ':70B 'index':247C 'index-out-of-bound':246C 'instanc':103C 'issu':263C 'known':66B,271C 'lead':77B,279C 'log':62B 'login':158C 'make':264C 'mangl':204C 'march':112C 'method':135C 'need':194C 'obtain':288C 'packag':33B 'pass':160C 'password':163C 'perform':154C 'port':120C 'process':174C,231C 'provid':210C 'proxi':102C 'race':123C,199C 'ransomwar':34B 'reach':257C 'read':50B 'remot':56B 'requir':164C 'result':243C 's3':133C 'self':36B 'self-host':35B 'send':202C 'server':42B,80B,143C,145C,179C,219C,234C 'session':169C,259C 'signedhead':241C 'slash':217C 'stabil':191C 'stop':253C 'success':196C,221C,228C 'system':286C 'takeov':13A,94C 'togeth':261C 'transfer':32B,41B 'trigger':197C,226C 'trivial':266C 'unauthent':117C 'unless':99C 'use':105C 'user':69B,152C,159C,182C,274C 'usernam':213C,224C 'verif':173C,183C 'verifi':147C 'vulner':187C 'wild':110C","nicknames":[],"mitigations":[],"who_affected":null,"tier":null,"verified":{},"analyst_revisit_at":null,"first_public_at":"2025-04-03T20:15:25+00:00","kev":{"dateAdded":"2025-04-07","dueDate":"2025-04-28","requiredAction":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","knownRansomwareCampaignUse":"Known"},"cvss_vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","cvss_by":"cve@mitre.org","poc_count":0,"sources":[{"source":"kev","external_id":"CVE-2025-31161","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?search_api_fulltext=CVE-2025-31161","severity":null,"published_at":"2025-04-07T00:00:00+00:00","modified_at":null,"first_seen_at":"2026-10-23T19:11:51+00:00","fetched_at":"2026-10-25T20:35:32+00:00","note":null},{"source":"nvd","external_id":"CVE-2025-31161","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31161","severity":null,"published_at":"2025-04-03T20:15:25+00:00","modified_at":"2026-06-17T09:09:56+00:00","first_seen_at":"2026-10-23T22:29:05+00:00","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T22:29:05+00:00","note":null}],"documents":[],"notice":"Free to read at a human pace. An API with keys and an MCP server are in preparation; early access: hello@infrastack.ai"}