{"id":"CVE-2025-24991","kind":"vulnerability","aliases":["CVE-2025-24991"],"related":[],"title":"Out-of-bounds read in Windows NTFS allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally","description":"Microsoft Windows New Technology File System (NTFS) contains an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally.\n\nCISA required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","summary":"Windows NTFS, the file system used by Windows, has an out-of-bounds read bug that lets a logged-in user read memory they should not see. The attacker gets information disclosure on the local machine, not code execution from the sources given.","severity":"medium","cvss":5.5,"epss":null,"exploited":true,"exploited_at":"2025-03-11T00:00:00+00:00","products":[{"name":"Microsoft Windows","fixed":[],"affected":"","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows 10 1507","fixed":["10.0.10240.20947"],"affected":"< 10.0.10240.20947","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows 10 1607","fixed":["10.0.14393.7876"],"affected":"< 10.0.14393.7876","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows 10 1809","fixed":["10.0.17763.7009"],"affected":"< 10.0.17763.7009","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows 10 21h2","fixed":["10.0.19044.5608"],"affected":"< 10.0.19044.5608","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows 10 22h2","fixed":["10.0.19045.5608"],"affected":"< 10.0.19045.5608","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows 11 22h2","fixed":["10.0.22621.5039"],"affected":"< 10.0.22621.5039","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows 11 23h2","fixed":["10.0.22631.5039"],"affected":"< 10.0.22631.5039","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows 11 24h2","fixed":["10.0.26100.3403"],"affected":"< 10.0.26100.3403","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows server 2008","fixed":[],"affected":"","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows server 2008","fixed":[],"affected":"= r2","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows server 2012","fixed":[],"affected":"","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows server 2012","fixed":[],"affected":"= r2","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows server 2016","fixed":["10.0.14393.7876"],"affected":"< 10.0.14393.7876","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows server 2019","fixed":["10.0.17763.7009"],"affected":"< 10.0.17763.7009","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows server 2022","fixed":["10.0.20348.3270"],"affected":"< 10.0.20348.3270","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows server 2022 23h2","fixed":["10.0.25398.1486"],"affected":"< 10.0.25398.1486","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows server 2025","fixed":["10.0.26100.3403"],"affected":"< 10.0.26100.3403","ecosystem":"vendor"}],"ecosystems":["vendor"],"tags":["exploited","infrastructure","multi-user-hosts","windows","windows-servers"],"not_affected_if":["patched-windows","single-user-machine"],"how_to_check":null,"fix":"Apply the Microsoft Windows update that fixes CVE-2025-24991, as listed in the Microsoft Security Update Guide. Sources do not give the patched build numbers.","status":"open","published_at":"2025-03-11T00:00:00+00:00","first_seen_at":"2026-10-23T19:11:51+00:00","triaged_at":"2026-10-23T20:49:02+00:00","updated_at":"2026-10-23T22:29:05+00:00","category":"infrastructure","confidence":0.6,"triage":{"at":"2026-10-23T20:49:02Z","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","output":{"fix":"Apply the Microsoft Windows update that fixes CVE-2025-24991, as listed in the Microsoft Security Update Guide. Sources do not give the patched build numbers.","reach":"local","summary":"Windows NTFS, the file system used by Windows, has an out-of-bounds read bug that lets a logged-in user read memory they should not see. The attacker gets information disclosure on the local machine, not code execution from the sources given.","category":"infrastructure","who_cares":["windows","windows-servers","multi-user-hosts"],"confidence":0.6,"needs_auth":"yes","worst_case":"local user reads memory contents they should not access, possibly sensitive data","analyst_note":"CISA KEV lists it as actively exploited, but sources give no patched build numbers or detection steps; check the Microsoft Security Update Guide entry for CVE-2025-24991 and any exploitation chain details.","how_to_check":"unknown","needs_analyst":true,"not_affected_if":["single-user-machine","patched-windows"],"user_interaction":"no","needs_special_setup":"unknown","severity_if_unknown":"low"},"cost_usd":0.000449,"input_tokens":2539,"output_tokens":390,"severity_before":"unknown"},"analyst_status":null,"analyst_note":null,"search":"'-01':185C '-2025':18A,21A '-24991':19A,22A '10':27A,31A,35A,39A,43A '11':47A,51A,55A '1507':28A '1607':32A '1809':36A '2008':60A,64A '2012':68A,72A '2016':76A '2019':80A '2022':84A,88A '2025':93A '21h2':40A '22':184C '22h2':44A,48A '23h2':52A,89A '24h2':56A 'action':175C 'allow':9A,165C 'appli':176C 'applic':182C 'attack':12A,134B,168C 'author':11A,167C 'bod':183C 'bound':4A,117B,161C 'bug':119B 'cisa':173C 'cloud':188C 'code':143B 'contain':156C 'cve':17A,20A 'disclos':14A,170C 'disclosur':137B 'discontinu':191C 'execut':144B 'exploit':94B 'file':107B,153C 'follow':181C 'get':135B 'given':148B 'guidanc':186C 'host':99B 'inform':15A,136B,171C 'infrastructur':95B 'instruct':180C 'let':121B 'local':16A,140B,172C 'log':124B 'logged-in':123B 'machin':141B 'memori':128B 'microsoft':23A,25A,29A,33A,37A,41A,45A,49A,53A,57A,61A,65A,69A,73A,77A,81A,85A,90A,149C 'mitig':177C,197C 'multi':97B 'multi-user-host':96B 'new':151C 'ntfs':8A,105B,155C 'out-of-bound':1A,114B,158C 'per':178C 'product':195C 'read':5A,118B,127B,162C 'requir':174C 'see':132B 'server':59A,63A,67A,71A,75A,79A,83A,87A,92A,103B 'servic':189C 'sourc':147B 'system':108B,154C 'technolog':152C 'unavail':199C 'use':109B,192C 'user':98B,126B 'vendor':179C 'vulner':163C 'window':7A,100B,102B,104B,111B,150C 'windows':24A,26A,30A,34A,38A,42A,46A,50A,54A,58A,62A,66A,70A,74A,78A,82A,86A,91A 'windows-serv':101B","nicknames":[],"mitigations":[],"who_affected":null,"tier":null,"verified":{},"analyst_revisit_at":null,"first_public_at":"2025-03-11T00:00:00+00:00","kev":{"dateAdded":"2025-03-11","dueDate":"2025-04-01","requiredAction":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","knownRansomwareCampaignUse":"Unknown"},"cvss_vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N","cvss_by":"secure@microsoft.com","poc_count":0,"sources":[{"source":"kev","external_id":"CVE-2025-24991","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?search_api_fulltext=CVE-2025-24991","severity":null,"published_at":"2025-03-11T00:00:00+00:00","modified_at":null,"first_seen_at":"2026-10-23T19:11:51+00:00","fetched_at":"2026-10-25T13:39:29+00:00","note":null},{"source":"nvd","external_id":"CVE-2025-24991","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24991","severity":null,"published_at":"2025-03-11T17:16:35+00:00","modified_at":"2026-06-17T08:59:56+00:00","first_seen_at":"2026-10-23T22:29:05+00:00","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T22:29:05+00:00","note":null}],"documents":[],"notice":"Free to read at a human pace. An API with keys and an MCP server are in preparation; early access: hello@infrastack.ai"}