{"id":"CVE-2023-28229","kind":"vulnerability","aliases":["CVE-2023-28229"],"related":[],"title":"Windows CNG Key Isolation Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability","description":"Microsoft Windows Cryptographic Next Generation (CNG) Key Isolation Service contains an unspecified vulnerability that allows an attacker to gain specific limited SYSTEM privileges.\n\nCISA required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","summary":"A flaw in the Windows CNG Key Isolation Service lets a local user gain limited SYSTEM privileges. CISA lists it as actively exploited in the wild.","severity":"high","cvss":7.0,"epss":null,"exploited":true,"exploited_at":"2023-10-04T00:00:00+00:00","products":[{"name":"Microsoft Windows CNG Key Isolation Service","fixed":[],"affected":"","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows 10 1507","fixed":["10.0.10240.19869"],"affected":"< 10.0.10240.19869","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows 10 1607","fixed":["10.0.14393.5850"],"affected":"< 10.0.14393.5850","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows 10 1809","fixed":["10.0.17763.4252"],"affected":"< 10.0.17763.4252","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows 10 20h2","fixed":["10.0.19042.2846"],"affected":"< 10.0.19042.2846","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows 10 21h2","fixed":["10.0.19044.2846"],"affected":"< 10.0.19044.2846","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows 10 22h2","fixed":["10.0.19045.2846"],"affected":"< 10.0.19045.2846","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows 11 21h2","fixed":["10.0.22000.1817"],"affected":"< 10.0.22000.1817","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows 11 22h2","fixed":["10.0.22621.1555"],"affected":"< 10.0.22621.1555","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows server 2008","fixed":[],"affected":"","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows server 2008","fixed":[],"affected":"= r2","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows server 2012","fixed":[],"affected":"","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows server 2012","fixed":[],"affected":"= r2","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows server 2016","fixed":[],"affected":"","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows server 2019","fixed":[],"affected":"","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"microsoft windows server 2022","fixed":[],"affected":"","ecosystem":"vendor"}],"ecosystems":["vendor"],"tags":["exploited","infrastructure","windows"],"not_affected_if":[],"how_to_check":null,"fix":"Apply the Microsoft update for CVE-2023-28229 per vendor instructions; the sources do not name the patched build.","status":"open","published_at":"2023-04-11T21:15:23+00:00","first_seen_at":"2026-10-23T19:11:51+00:00","triaged_at":"2026-10-23T21:04:30+00:00","updated_at":"2026-10-23T22:29:04+00:00","category":"infrastructure","confidence":0.7,"triage":{"at":"2026-10-23T21:04:30Z","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","output":{"fix":"Apply the Microsoft update for CVE-2023-28229 per vendor instructions; the sources do not name the patched build.","reach":"local","impact":"high","summary":"A flaw in the Windows CNG Key Isolation Service lets a local user gain limited SYSTEM privileges. CISA lists it as actively exploited in the wild.","category":"infrastructure","who_cares":["windows"],"confidence":0.7,"needs_auth":"yes","worst_case":"Local attacker gains limited SYSTEM privileges on the Windows machine.","analyst_note":"Find the Microsoft advisory for CVE-2023-28229 to get affected Windows builds, patched KB numbers and the detection method.","how_to_check":"unknown","needs_analyst":true,"not_affected_if":[],"user_interaction":"no","needs_special_setup":"unknown","severity_if_unknown":"high"},"cost_usd":0.000442,"input_tokens":2860,"output_tokens":312,"severity_before":"unknown"},"analyst_status":null,"analyst_note":null,"search":"'-2023':11A,14A '-28229':12A,15A '10':24A,28A,32A,36A,40A,44A '11':48A,52A '1507':25A '1607':29A '1809':33A '2008':57A,61A '2012':65A,69A '2016':73A '2019':77A '2022':81A '20h2':37A '21h2':41A,49A '22h2':45A,53A 'action':136C 'activ':106B 'allow':125C 'appli':137C 'attack':127C 'cisa':102B,134C 'cng':2A,18A,90B,116C 'contain':120C 'cryptograph':113C 'cve':10A,13A 'discontinu':143C 'elev':6A 'exploit':82B,107B 'flaw':86B 'gain':98B,129C 'generat':115C 'infrastructur':83B 'instruct':141C 'isol':4A,92B,118C 'isolation':20A 'key':3A,19A,91B,117C 'let':94B 'limit':99B,131C 'list':103B 'local':96B 'microsoft':16A,22A,26A,30A,34A,38A,42A,46A,50A,54A,58A,62A,66A,70A,74A,78A,111C 'mitig':138C,149C 'next':114C 'per':139C 'privileg':8A,101B,133C 'product':147C 'requir':135C 'server':56A,60A,64A,68A,72A,76A,80A 'servic':5A,93B,119C 'service':21A 'specif':130C 'system':100B,132C 'unavail':151C 'unspecifi':122C 'use':144C 'user':97B 'vendor':140C 'vulner':9A,123C 'wild':110B 'window':1A,84B,89B,112C 'windows':17A,23A,27A,31A,35A,39A,43A,47A,51A,55A,59A,63A,67A,71A,75A,79A","nicknames":[],"mitigations":[],"who_affected":null,"tier":null,"verified":{},"analyst_revisit_at":null,"first_public_at":"2023-04-11T21:15:23+00:00","kev":{"dateAdded":"2023-10-04","dueDate":"2023-10-25","requiredAction":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","knownRansomwareCampaignUse":"Unknown"},"cvss_vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","cvss_by":"secure@microsoft.com","poc_count":0,"sources":[{"source":"kev","external_id":"CVE-2023-28229","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?search_api_fulltext=CVE-2023-28229","severity":null,"published_at":"2023-10-04T00:00:00+00:00","modified_at":null,"first_seen_at":"2026-10-23T19:11:51+00:00","fetched_at":"2026-10-25T17:39:56+00:00","note":null},{"source":"nvd","external_id":"CVE-2023-28229","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28229","severity":null,"published_at":"2023-04-11T21:15:23+00:00","modified_at":"2026-06-17T05:47:11+00:00","first_seen_at":"2026-10-23T22:29:04+00:00","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T22:29:04+00:00","note":null}],"documents":[],"notice":"Free to read at a human pace. An API with keys and an MCP server are in preparation; early access: hello@infrastack.ai"}