{"id":"CVE-2021-28664","kind":"vulnerability","aliases":["CVE-2021-28664"],"related":[],"title":"Arm Mali Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): Arm Mali Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Unspecified Vulnerability","description":"The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or a denial of service (memory corruption) because an unprivileged user can achieve read/write access to read-only pages. This affects Bifrost r0p0 through r29p0 before r30p0, Valhall r19p0 through r29p0 before r30p0, and Midgard r8p0 through r30p0 before r31p0.","summary":"The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver has an unspecified flaw that lets a non-privileged local user write to read-only memory and gain root. It is listed in CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, so attacks have been observed in the wild.","severity":"critical","cvss":9.0,"epss":0.05407,"exploited":true,"exploited_at":"2021-11-03T00:00:00+00:00","products":[{"name":"Arm Mali Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)","fixed":[],"affected":"","ecosystem":"vendor"}],"ecosystems":["vendor"],"tags":["android","arm-mali","embedded-linux","exploited","infrastructure"],"not_affected_if":["driver-patched","no-mali-gpu"],"how_to_check":null,"fix":"Apply the updates per the vendor instructions from Arm; the sources do not name the fixed driver version.","status":"open","published_at":"2021-05-10T15:15:07+00:00","first_seen_at":"2026-10-23T19:11:53+00:00","triaged_at":"2026-10-23T21:33:51+00:00","updated_at":"2026-10-23T21:57:35+00:00","category":"infrastructure","confidence":0.6,"triage":{"at":"2026-10-23T21:33:51Z","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","output":{"fix":"Apply the updates per the vendor instructions from Arm; the sources do not name the fixed driver version.","reach":"local","impact":"high","summary":"The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver has an unspecified flaw that lets a non-privileged local user write to read-only memory and gain root. It is listed in CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, so attacks have been observed in the wild.","category":"infrastructure","who_cares":["arm-mali","android","embedded-linux"],"confidence":0.6,"needs_auth":"yes","worst_case":"local user gains root and modifies other processes' memory","analyst_note":"Find the affected Mali driver versions and fixed releases in Arm's security bulletin for CVE-2021-28664, and check the CISA KEV entry for the due date.","how_to_check":"unknown","needs_analyst":true,"not_affected_if":["no-mali-gpu","driver-patched"],"user_interaction":"no","needs_special_setup":"unknown","severity_if_unknown":"high"},"cost_usd":0.000471,"input_tokens":2899,"output_tokens":362,"severity_before":"unknown"},"analyst_status":"queued","analyst_note":"Find the affected Mali driver versions and fixed releases in Arm's security bulletin for CVE-2021-28664, and check the CISA KEV entry for the due date.","search":"'-2021':16A,19A '-28664':17A,20A 'access':104C 'achiev':102C 'affect':111C 'allow':87C 'android':27B 'arm':1A,7A,21A,29B,37B,82C 'arm-mali':28B 'attack':74B 'bifrost':112C 'catalog':72B 'cisa':67B 'corrupt':96C 'cve':15A,18A 'denial':92C 'driver':41B,86C 'embed':32B 'embedded-linux':31B 'escal':89C 'exploit':34B,70B 'flaw':45B 'gain':61B 'gpu':6A,12A,26A,39B,84C 'graphic':3A,9A 'graphics':23A 'infrastructur':35B 'kernel':40B,85C 'known':69B 'let':47B 'linux':33B 'list':65B 'local':52B 'mali':2A,8A,22A,30B,38B,83C 'memori':59B,95C 'midgard':125C 'non':50B 'non-privileg':49B 'observ':77B 'page':109C 'privileg':51B,88C 'process':4A,10A 'processing':24A 'r0p0':113C 'r19p0':119C 'r29p0':115C,121C 'r30p0':117C,123C,128C 'r31p0':130C 'r8p0':126C 'read':57B,107C 'read-on':56B,106C 'read/write':103C 'root':62B 'servic':94C 'unit':5A,11A,25A 'unprivileg':99C 'unspecifi':13A,44B 'user':53B,100C 'valhal':118C 'vulner':14A,71B 'wild':80B 'write':54B","nicknames":[],"mitigations":[],"who_affected":null,"tier":null,"verified":{},"analyst_revisit_at":null,"first_public_at":"2021-05-10T15:15:07+00:00","kev":{"dateAdded":"2021-11-03","dueDate":"2021-11-17","requiredAction":"Apply updates per vendor instructions.","knownRansomwareCampaignUse":"Unknown"},"cvss_vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","cvss_by":"nvd@nist.gov","poc_count":0,"sources":[{"source":"kev","external_id":"CVE-2021-28664","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?search_api_fulltext=CVE-2021-28664","severity":null,"published_at":"2021-11-03T00:00:00+00:00","modified_at":null,"first_seen_at":"2026-10-23T19:11:53+00:00","fetched_at":"2026-10-25T16:39:49+00:00","note":null},{"source":"epss","external_id":"CVE-2021-28664","url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2021-28664","severity":null,"published_at":null,"modified_at":null,"first_seen_at":"2026-10-23T19:13:44+00:00","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T19:13:44+00:00","note":null},{"source":"nvd","external_id":"CVE-2021-28664","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-28664","severity":null,"published_at":"2021-05-10T15:15:07+00:00","modified_at":"2026-06-17T03:46:43+00:00","first_seen_at":"2026-10-23T21:57:35+00:00","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T21:57:35+00:00","note":null}],"documents":[],"notice":"Free to read at a human pace. An API with keys and an MCP server are in preparation; early access: hello@infrastack.ai"}