{"id":"CVE-2014-6278","kind":"vulnerability","aliases":["CVE-2014-6278"],"related":[],"title":"GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 does not properly parse function definitions in the values of environment variables,…","description":"GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 does not properly parse function definitions in the values of environment variables, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted environment, as demonstrated by vectors involving the ForceCommand feature in OpenSSH sshd, the mod_cgi and mod_cgid modules in the Apache HTTP Server, scripts executed by unspecified DHCP clients, and other situations in which setting the environment occurs across a privilege boundary from Bash execution.  NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-6271, CVE-2014-7169, and CVE-2014-6277.","summary":"GNU Bash can be made to run arbitrary commands through a crafted environment variable, a flaw known as Shellshock. An attacker who can get a value into a Bash environment can run commands as the account running Bash.","severity":"critical","cvss":10.0,"epss":null,"exploited":true,"exploited_at":"2025-10-02T00:00:00+00:00","products":[{"name":"GNU GNU Bash","fixed":[],"affected":"","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"gnu bash","fixed":[],"affected":"= 1.14.0","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"gnu bash","fixed":[],"affected":"= 1.14.1","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"gnu bash","fixed":[],"affected":"= 1.14.2","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"gnu bash","fixed":[],"affected":"= 1.14.3","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"gnu bash","fixed":[],"affected":"= 1.14.4","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"gnu bash","fixed":[],"affected":"= 1.14.5","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"gnu bash","fixed":[],"affected":"= 1.14.6","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"gnu bash","fixed":[],"affected":"= 1.14.7","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"gnu bash","fixed":[],"affected":"= 2.0","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"gnu bash","fixed":[],"affected":"= 2.01","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"gnu bash","fixed":[],"affected":"= 2.01.1","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"gnu bash","fixed":[],"affected":"= 2.02","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"gnu bash","fixed":[],"affected":"= 2.02.1","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"gnu bash","fixed":[],"affected":"= 2.03","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"gnu bash","fixed":[],"affected":"= 2.04","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"gnu bash","fixed":[],"affected":"= 2.05","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"gnu bash","fixed":[],"affected":"= 3.0","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"gnu bash","fixed":[],"affected":"= 3.0.16","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"gnu bash","fixed":[],"affected":"= 3.1","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"gnu bash","fixed":[],"affected":"= 3.2","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"gnu bash","fixed":[],"affected":"= 3.2.48","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"gnu bash","fixed":[],"affected":"= 4.0","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"gnu bash","fixed":[],"affected":"= 4.1","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"gnu bash","fixed":[],"affected":"= 4.2","ecosystem":"vendor"},{"name":"gnu bash","fixed":[],"affected":"= 4.3","ecosystem":"vendor"}],"ecosystems":["vendor"],"tags":["bash","cgi","exploited","infrastructure","linux","self-hosted","ssh"],"not_affected_if":["managed-hosting","no-bash-on-path"],"how_to_check":"Run: env -i bash -c 'env x=\"() { :;}; echo vulnerable\" bash -c \"echo test\"' and see if 'vulnerable' prints before 'test'.\nSee which bash binary is in use: bash --version","fix":"Upgrade bash to a patched release from your OS vendor and restart services that spawn bash.","status":"open","published_at":"2014-09-30T10:55:04+00:00","first_seen_at":"2026-10-23T19:11:51+00:00","triaged_at":"2026-10-23T20:44:43+00:00","updated_at":"2026-10-23T23:44:51+00:00","category":"infrastructure","confidence":0.8,"triage":{"at":"2026-10-23T20:44:43Z","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","output":{"fix":"Upgrade bash to a patched release from your OS vendor and restart services that spawn bash.\nUnknown which exact patched version the sources name.","reach":"internet","summary":"GNU Bash can be made to run arbitrary commands through a crafted environment variable, a flaw known as Shellshock. An attacker who can get a value into a Bash environment can run commands as the account running Bash.","category":"infrastructure","who_cares":["bash","linux","self-hosted","cgi","ssh"],"confidence":0.8,"needs_auth":"no","worst_case":"Remote attacker runs arbitrary commands on the server as the Bash user.","analyst_note":"","how_to_check":"Run: env -i bash -c 'env x=\"() { :;}; echo vulnerable\" bash -c \"echo test\"' and see if 'vulnerable' prints before 'test'.\nSee which bash binary is in use: bash --version\nUnknown whether the sources list specific vendor patch versions.","needs_analyst":false,"not_affected_if":["no-bash-on-path","managed-hosting"],"user_interaction":"no","needs_special_setup":"yes","severity_if_unknown":"critical"},"cost_usd":0.000458,"input_tokens":2521,"output_tokens":411,"severity_before":"unknown"},"analyst_status":null,"analyst_note":null,"search":"'-026':6A,130C '-2014':20A,23A,211C,214C,218C '-6271':212C '-6277':219C '-6278':21A,24A '-7169':215C '4.3':4A,128C 'account':122B 'across':193C 'allow':144C 'apach':175C 'arbitrari':94B,149C 'attack':107B,146C 'bash':2A,27A,29A,31A,33A,35A,37A,39A,41A,43A,45A,47A,49A,51A,53A,55A,57A,59A,61A,63A,65A,67A,69A,71A,73A,75A,77A,78B,88B,115B,124B,126C,198C 'bash43':5A,129C 'boundari':196C 'cgi':79B,168C 'cgid':171C 'client':183C 'command':95B,119B,150C 'craft':98B,153C 'cve':19A,22A,210C,213C,217C 'definit':12A,136C 'demonstr':156C 'dhcp':182C 'environ':17A,99B,116B,141C,154C,191C 'execut':148C,179C,199C 'exist':203C 'exploit':80B 'featur':162C 'fix':208C 'flaw':102B 'forcecommand':161C 'function':11A,135C 'get':110B 'gnu':1A,25A,26A,28A,30A,32A,34A,36A,38A,40A,42A,44A,46A,48A,50A,52A,54A,56A,58A,60A,62A,64A,66A,68A,70A,72A,74A,76A,87B,125C 'host':85B 'http':176C 'incomplet':207C 'infrastructur':81B 'involv':159C 'known':103B 'linux':82B 'made':91B 'mod':167C,170C 'modul':172C 'note':200C 'occur':192C 'openssh':164C 'pars':10A,134C 'privileg':195C 'proper':9A,133C 'remot':145C 'run':93B,118B,123B 'script':178C 'self':84B 'self-host':83B 'server':177C 'set':189C 'shellshock':105B 'situat':186C 'ssh':86B 'sshd':165C 'unspecifi':181C 'valu':15A,112B,139C 'variabl':18A,100B,142C 'vector':158C 'via':151C 'vulner':202C","nicknames":[],"mitigations":[],"who_affected":null,"tier":null,"verified":{},"analyst_revisit_at":null,"first_public_at":"2014-09-30T10:55:04+00:00","kev":{"dateAdded":"2025-10-02","dueDate":"2025-10-23","requiredAction":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. ","knownRansomwareCampaignUse":"Unknown"},"cvss_vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","cvss_by":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","poc_count":0,"sources":[{"source":"kev","external_id":"CVE-2014-6278","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?search_api_fulltext=CVE-2014-6278","severity":null,"published_at":"2025-10-02T00:00:00+00:00","modified_at":null,"first_seen_at":"2026-10-23T19:11:51+00:00","fetched_at":"2026-10-25T11:39:14+00:00","note":null},{"source":"nvd","external_id":"CVE-2014-6278","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-6278","severity":null,"published_at":"2014-09-30T10:55:04+00:00","modified_at":"2026-06-17T00:12:50+00:00","first_seen_at":"2026-10-23T23:44:51+00:00","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T23:44:51+00:00","note":null}],"documents":[],"notice":"Free to read at a human pace. An API with keys and an MCP server are in preparation; early access: hello@infrastack.ai"}